What are Razran's levels?
-Grade I: Reactive Learning (nonassociative; habituation; sensitization)
-Grade II: Connective Learning (associative; inhibitory conditioning; classical conditioning; instrumental conditioning)
-Grade III: Integrative Learning (learning to perceive; sensory preconditioning; configuring learning; educative learning)
-Grade IV: Symbolic Learning (symbosemic; sememic; logimemic)
Symbosemic: the formation & use of symbols to represent categories
Sememic: conveying a higher level of abstract meaning as in language
Logimemic: the emergence and use of logic in conveying meaning
Razran's levels of learning representing an evolutionary hierarchy
-11 levels of learning complexity ranging from nonassociative habituation through complex symbolic learning
-learning plays an increasing important role in development among more recently evolved species (more complex forms of learning are observed only in birds and mammals)
-many of the more complex forms of learning correlate strongly increases in brain size and complexity
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