CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
Neuroanatomy: During development, the telencyphelon give rise the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), the hippocampus and the neocortex, its cavity becomes the lateral ventricles (first and second ventricles). The diencephalons give rise to the subthalamus, thalamus and epithalamus, its cavity to the third ventricle. The mecencephalon give rise to the tectum, pretectum, cerebral peduncle and its cavity develops into the mesencephalic duct or cerebral aqueduct. Finally, the robencephalon give rise to the pones, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata, its cavity becomes the forth ventricle.
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Central nervous system
Brain
Prosencephalon
Telencephalon:- Rhinencephalon, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Neocortex, Basal ganglia, Lateral ventricles
Diencephalon:- Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Subthalamus, Pituitary gland, Pineal gland, Third ventricle
Brain stem
Mesencephalon:- Tectum, Cerebral peduncle, Pretectum, Mesencephalic duct
Rhombencephalon
Metencephalon:- Pons, Cerebellum
Myelencephalon:- Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
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The Myelencephalon: It is the part of medulla and joins the spinal cord to the higher centers of the brain. It contains autonomic nuclei concerned with breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure. The medulla is also called the vital centre of the brain.
The Metencephalon: It consists of cerebellum, the pons, and parts of 4th ventricle and it going upward from medulla, the 2nd divisions of brain. The main functions of these areas are, to smoothening and coordinating of impulses leading to muscular movements and motor co-ordination.
Mesencephalon: It is a part of midbrain and also connecting to the forebrain and hind brain. The main part of it is called as tectum (which means “roof”) and the floor. The floor is a passageway between higher and lover system of nervous system. The sensory tract run upward and motor tracts will be on down ward and also it act as a motor reflex centers. The tectum has sensory duties and it divided into 2 pairs of sensory centers – four in all. Each one is called a colliculus and one pair centre called superior colliculi, and it lie a little above and ahead (anterior) of the other pair. These areas are mainly concentrating as visual centers. The other pair of colliculi is called the inferior colliculi and it lie a little behind and below the level of the superior colliculi and its function lies on hearing centers.
Diencephalon:- It has number of parts: the thalamus, optic tracts, and retinae of the eye, the pituitary body, the mammmillary bodies, the hypothalamus and 3rd ventricle.
Telencephalon:- It consists of the olfactory bulb, tracts, cerebral hemispheres, the lateral ventricles and the basal ganglia.
Neuroanatomy: During development, the telencyphelon give rise the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), the hippocampus and the neocortex, its cavity becomes the lateral ventricles (first and second ventricles). The diencephalons give rise to the subthalamus, thalamus and epithalamus, its cavity to the third ventricle. The mecencephalon give rise to the tectum, pretectum, cerebral peduncle and its cavity develops into the mesencephalic duct or cerebral aqueduct. Finally, the robencephalon give rise to the pones, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata, its cavity becomes the forth ventricle.
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Central nervous system
Brain
Prosencephalon
Telencephalon:- Rhinencephalon, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Neocortex, Basal ganglia, Lateral ventricles
Diencephalon:- Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Subthalamus, Pituitary gland, Pineal gland, Third ventricle
Brain stem
Mesencephalon:- Tectum, Cerebral peduncle, Pretectum, Mesencephalic duct
Rhombencephalon
Metencephalon:- Pons, Cerebellum
Myelencephalon:- Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
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The Myelencephalon: It is the part of medulla and joins the spinal cord to the higher centers of the brain. It contains autonomic nuclei concerned with breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure. The medulla is also called the vital centre of the brain.
The Metencephalon: It consists of cerebellum, the pons, and parts of 4th ventricle and it going upward from medulla, the 2nd divisions of brain. The main functions of these areas are, to smoothening and coordinating of impulses leading to muscular movements and motor co-ordination.
Mesencephalon: It is a part of midbrain and also connecting to the forebrain and hind brain. The main part of it is called as tectum (which means “roof”) and the floor. The floor is a passageway between higher and lover system of nervous system. The sensory tract run upward and motor tracts will be on down ward and also it act as a motor reflex centers. The tectum has sensory duties and it divided into 2 pairs of sensory centers – four in all. Each one is called a colliculus and one pair centre called superior colliculi, and it lie a little above and ahead (anterior) of the other pair. These areas are mainly concentrating as visual centers. The other pair of colliculi is called the inferior colliculi and it lie a little behind and below the level of the superior colliculi and its function lies on hearing centers.
Diencephalon:- It has number of parts: the thalamus, optic tracts, and retinae of the eye, the pituitary body, the mammmillary bodies, the hypothalamus and 3rd ventricle.
Telencephalon:- It consists of the olfactory bulb, tracts, cerebral hemispheres, the lateral ventricles and the basal ganglia.
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