INTRODUCATION TO PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Physiology is the science of bodily functions; it has to do with process going on science of behaviour. Psychology is the science of behaviour, in psychology we try to see how human beings and members of the animal kingdom adjust to the word they live in. Physiological psychology is simply to put these subjects together and see how the physiological processes of the body are related to behavioural adjustments.
It has many divisions:
1. Physiology:- It contain the basic anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry. IT help us to study two main features of the body, the response mechanism and the internal environment. Response mechanism involves our various senses organs, our nerves, our nervous system, and the various muscles and glands that we use when we make responses. The internal environment, on the other hand, is the complex of substances – the food materials we take in, the secretions of our glands, the metabolic productions of our body’s functions – that move around the body in the blood and lymph and make up on essentially chemical environment for the nervous system and response mechanism in general.
2. Sensory Functions:- This group mainly focus on psychology of the senses, i.e., how well man and animals can discriminate various kinds of sensory stimuli and how they perceive what goes on about them. And also we are studying the sensory systems of the body, i.e., how the sense organs are built, what sensory nerves connect with them, where these nerves go in the brain, what centers they serve there, and how these centers are affected by different conditions of the internal environment. Then we will study the main features of sensory functions such as – four main attributes of sensations – intensity, quality, space and time. A light seems bright or dim, a sound loud or faint, or a pain mild or strong, it is an example of intensity. We experience of various stimuli also has quality, some lights are red and others green, we hear tones of high pitch and low pitch, all these are an example of quality. Visual objects, for example, have shape, size, distance, and locations – all spatial aspects (space). Even sound seem big or small, near or far away, all are example of space. Finally, we also sense the time in which stimuli occur – whether it is long or short intermittent or steady.
3. Motor Functions:- Under this section, we will study the motor functions i.e., of the ways in which we will make movements and responses to our world.
4. Motivation:- Under this concepts, we will study, sleep and activity, bodily needs, instinctive behaviour, and mating behaviour. Drives and basic motives, in fact begin in our internal environment. This environment can affect the organs of the body in various ways. It can excite such receptors as these in our stomach, hear, or blood vessels, and these in turn can stimulate us to do something or it can directly excite some of the muscle of the body. Finally it directly excites some of the centers of the brain so that these centers bring out motivational behaviour.
5. Learning and Memory:- In this group, will study the different sorts of learning and memory localized in the particular parts of the nervous system. People sometimes forget many memories and habits after some part of their brain is injured, but they can get back the habits they lost by a little more practices of the damage has not been too bad. It will help us to study how the brain and body work in our learning and memory.
6. Man and His Disorder:- It deals with the functions of the brain in man and complex problems of memory, sensory and motor functions. And also deals with problems of learning, intelligence and disorder of personality, learning, and intelligence about their physiological basis.
Physiology is the science of bodily functions; it has to do with process going on science of behaviour. Psychology is the science of behaviour, in psychology we try to see how human beings and members of the animal kingdom adjust to the word they live in. Physiological psychology is simply to put these subjects together and see how the physiological processes of the body are related to behavioural adjustments.
It has many divisions:
1. Physiology:- It contain the basic anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry. IT help us to study two main features of the body, the response mechanism and the internal environment. Response mechanism involves our various senses organs, our nerves, our nervous system, and the various muscles and glands that we use when we make responses. The internal environment, on the other hand, is the complex of substances – the food materials we take in, the secretions of our glands, the metabolic productions of our body’s functions – that move around the body in the blood and lymph and make up on essentially chemical environment for the nervous system and response mechanism in general.
2. Sensory Functions:- This group mainly focus on psychology of the senses, i.e., how well man and animals can discriminate various kinds of sensory stimuli and how they perceive what goes on about them. And also we are studying the sensory systems of the body, i.e., how the sense organs are built, what sensory nerves connect with them, where these nerves go in the brain, what centers they serve there, and how these centers are affected by different conditions of the internal environment. Then we will study the main features of sensory functions such as – four main attributes of sensations – intensity, quality, space and time. A light seems bright or dim, a sound loud or faint, or a pain mild or strong, it is an example of intensity. We experience of various stimuli also has quality, some lights are red and others green, we hear tones of high pitch and low pitch, all these are an example of quality. Visual objects, for example, have shape, size, distance, and locations – all spatial aspects (space). Even sound seem big or small, near or far away, all are example of space. Finally, we also sense the time in which stimuli occur – whether it is long or short intermittent or steady.
3. Motor Functions:- Under this section, we will study the motor functions i.e., of the ways in which we will make movements and responses to our world.
4. Motivation:- Under this concepts, we will study, sleep and activity, bodily needs, instinctive behaviour, and mating behaviour. Drives and basic motives, in fact begin in our internal environment. This environment can affect the organs of the body in various ways. It can excite such receptors as these in our stomach, hear, or blood vessels, and these in turn can stimulate us to do something or it can directly excite some of the muscle of the body. Finally it directly excites some of the centers of the brain so that these centers bring out motivational behaviour.
5. Learning and Memory:- In this group, will study the different sorts of learning and memory localized in the particular parts of the nervous system. People sometimes forget many memories and habits after some part of their brain is injured, but they can get back the habits they lost by a little more practices of the damage has not been too bad. It will help us to study how the brain and body work in our learning and memory.
6. Man and His Disorder:- It deals with the functions of the brain in man and complex problems of memory, sensory and motor functions. And also deals with problems of learning, intelligence and disorder of personality, learning, and intelligence about their physiological basis.
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