Body Growth and Change
Puberty
Hormonal changes
Powerful chemicals from endocrine glands
Hypothalamus – eating and sexual behavior
Pituitary gland – controls growth, regulates glands
Gonads – male testes, female ovaries
Gonadotropins – stimulate testes, ovaries
The hypothalamus is a structure in the brain best known for monitoring eating, drinking, and sex.
The pituitary gland is an important endocrine gland that controls growth and regulates other glands.
The gonads are the sex glands—the testes in males, the ovaries in females.
The key hormonal changes involve two classes of hormones that have significantly different concentrations in males and females.
Androgens are the main class of male sex hormones .
Estrogens are the main class of female hormones.
Testosterone is an androgen that is a key hormone in the development of
puberty in boys. As the testosterone level rises during puberty, external genitals
enlarge, height increases, and the voice changes.
Estradiol is an estrogen that plays an important role in female pubertal development. As the estradiol level rises, breast development, uterine development, and skeletal changes occur.
Hormones increase dramatically in adolescence
Testosterone – voice change, genital growth
Dominates male changes
Estradiol – estrogen for breast growth
Dominates female changes
Onset affects social competence
Behaviors and moods can affect hormones
Links between hormones and adolescent behavior?
Findings are inconsistent.
Hormonal factors alone are not responsible.
Social factors in young adolescent girls’ depression and anger.
Hormones do not act independently;
Hormonal activity is influenced by many environmental factors, including parent adolescent relationships.
Stress, eating patterns, sexual activity, and depression can also activate or suppress various aspects of the hormone system.
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