Physical Development and Health
Body Growth and Changes: Growth Pattern
Patterns of growth (Infancy and Childhood, Puberty)
During prenatal development and early infancy, the head constitutes an extraordinarily large portion of the total body, it generally follows two patterns: the cephalocaudal pattern and the proximodistal pattern.
Cephalocaudal pattern – from top (head) and gradual to bottom (The sequence in which the fastest growth occurs at the top of the body—the head—with physical growth in size, weight, and feature differentiation gradually working from top to bottom). Eg. from neck to shoulders, to middle trunk, and so on .
Sensory and motor development also generally proceed.
Proximodistal pattern – center of body outward to extremities. (The sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities) Eg, muscle control of the truck and arms matures
Growth rate affected by SES, birth order, and maternal habits during prenatal development ---Growth hormone deficiency – pituitary gland
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