“Set” in Problem
Solving
•
"set"
= state of mind a person brings to a problem solving situation
•
An
inappropriate "set" can keep you from representing the problem in the
most productive way, or from choosing the best solution strategy.
Simple
Search
(Hill Climbing)
Hill climbing strategy: For any
particular state, carry out the operation that moves you closest to the final
goal state. (often not a good strategy)
In
the General Problem Solver, the program tests various actions (which Newell and
Simon called operators) to see which will take it closer to
the goal state. An operator is any activity that changes the state
of the system. The General Problem Solver always chooses the operation that
appears to bring it closer to its goal. This tactic is called hill climbing,
because it resembles the tactic of always taking a step toward the top of a
hill or mountain. Similarly, humans struggle toward long-term objectives
"one day at a time." Progress through school can be represented as a
problem space. As you complete each course in your curriculum, you take one
step closer to the goal of obtaining a degree.
Chunking – bits of
information are combined into meaningful units, or chunks, so that more
information can be held in STM.
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